I'm always left stunned when I read about the achievements of Eratosthenes. I've always wondered why he doesn't get the same recognition as Plato or Aristotle, or even Socrates.
I've always wondered why he doesn't get the same recognition as Plato or Aristotle, or even Socrates.
Very likely because most of his works were destroyed when the Library at Alexandria was razed, and because he wasn't considered the best at any single subject by his contemporaries.
I dunno, I heard about Eratosthenes long before I heard about any of them.
Then again, it is probably just the nature of their respective fields. Those three were philosophers, their ideas were applicable to politics and everyday life in their own time and every time since.
Physical science is a comparatively narrow field with regard to application. It was only recently that we realized how practical it really was.
Either he was not as prolific in the first place, or not as many of his writings have survived to this day. Sadly most of our views of ancient historical figures is plagued by the same myopia.
The ticket to lasting fame may not be just success, but may instead be a combination of success and luck in having your works preserved for generations.
There's a flaw in Eratostenes reasoning: you have to assume that the sun is effectively infinitely far away. In Eratosthenes's day there was no way to know this. The one measurement he did does not prove the world is round. It could merely indicate that the sun is nearby. (It makes an interesting exercise to calculate just how near it would have to be, and to design another experiment to eliminate this possibility.)
Actually, Aristarchus, a contemporary of Eratosthenes (slightly earlier in fact) determined the ratio distance to the sun/distance to the moon to be about 20 (actual answer is about 390), and that the distance to the moon was about 20 Earth radii (although Archimedes credited him with an approximation closer to 80 Earth radii; the actual value is about 60). This would have validated any assumption about the sun being far enough away to generate essentially parallel rays.
Incidentally, the fact that the world was round was probably already known by Eratosthenes' time, since the Greek society was essentially a group of seafarers, and when you watch a ship go out to sea, in addition to appearing smaller as it gets further away, it also appears to sink downwards. They would doubtless have noticed this, and concluded that the Earth was probably round.
I've heard the last bit about the boats too. There is a theory that the common folk never really thought that the earth was flat, but a round earth jived with other theories at various times in history (turtles all the way down!) causing the literate few to reject what simple observation makes clear.
They already knew it was round by watching ships rise up from the horizon. Also, the fact that you can't see Egypt from Crete. If the earth was flat, the sea and earth wouldn't 'pull away' as it went into the distance, it would shrink to a vanishing point and you'd notice the difference.
Because using Time Machine to recover burnt artifacts would have clearly been the most sensical course of action. Or they should have at least expected a group of people to actually raze such an invaluable cache of human history.
