>In my understanding, "lazy" literally means "one who does not do what he ought to".
Not exactly, it means "one habitually does not do what they ought to, because they'd rather relax, avoid hard work, have fun, and so on, and they're not hard-working or even just-enough working to not fall behind".
> It's a value judgment based on behavior observed.
So it's exactly what I said in the first comment - "lazy" just means "one who doesn't do what they ought to". So it's completely meaningless, except for the part of describing behavior, and cannot be used as an explanation - i.e. "he didn't do his homework because he's lazy" is a circular statement.
Not exactly, it means "one habitually does not do what they ought to, because they'd rather relax, avoid hard work, have fun, and so on, and they're not hard-working or even just-enough working to not fall behind".